System and method for cyber attacks analysis and decision support

ABSTRACT

A method for cyber attack risk assessment, the method comprising operating at least one hardware processor for: collecting global cyber attack data from a networked resource; collecting organizational profile data from a user, wherein the organizational profile data comprises: types of computerized defensive controls employed by the organization, a maturity of each of the computerized defensive controls, and organizational assets each pertaining to a business environment and each associated with at least one of the computerized defensive controls; and computing a cyber attack risk of the organization in real time, by continuously performing said collecting of global cyber attack data and comparing the global cyber attack data to the organizational profile data, to compute a cyber attack risk score for each of the organizational assets.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of cyber defense.

BACKGROUND

The proliferation of networked computers (e.g. those connected to theInternet) has grown exponentially in recent years. In addition, manylocal or enterprise networks have connectivity to a network (e.g. theInternet) via a gateway, so that all computers on a business' localnetwork are also accessible to a network (e.g. Internet). Other forms ofaccess, including wireless devices, allowing access to a local orenterprise network, as well as directly to a network (e.g. Internet) arecommon. In short, network connectivity of computers is quite common.

It is also well known that networked computer may be susceptible toon-line cyber attacks. Such cyber attacks are typically attempts toobtain control or information from the target computer system. A commonform of information is data stored pertaining to personal and financialdata; however “hackers” or intruders will attempt to obtain anyinformation regarding the target computer system, such as passwords,email addresses, program names, etc. in an attempt to further theirillegal goals.

Various companies provide hardware and/or software products formonitoring such attacks, which may record and analyze interactions witha target computer. The vulnerabilities can be determined proactively,such as ‘probing’ computers on a network to determine if they arevulnerable, as well as reactively, such as examining vulnerability afteran intrusion has occurred. One class of products is called vulnerabilitymanagement systems (VMS) and is well known in the area of computersecurity. The VMS products can scan or monitor a network and report onvulnerabilities associated with the network. VMS products can providevaluable information in the form of reports regarding the vulnerabilityof a computer on a network

A large business enterprise, which can have tens of thousands ofemployees working in a country or working in countries across the world,can have thousands of computer systems networked together. Managing thevulnerability of all these computers is a complex task. In some cases,managing the vulnerability of such computers to cyber attacks is donereactively—e.g., only after a computer has been compromised and thecompromise detected. Furthermore, the computers can be physicallylocated in various parts of the organization, and for large enterprises,the organization itself can be complex. For many large corporations,there can be numerous subsidiaries and sub-enterprise entities. Indeed,many individuals in a company do not have a complete perspective of thecompany's organization outside of their immediate workgroup.Consequently, being able to manage computer vulnerabilities for a largeenterprise can be very complex and may be carried out on an ad-hocbasis.

Because many large businesses have many networked computers, and becauseof the frequency of attempts to intrude into their computers, manybusiness have developed computer security organizations whose sole focusis to address such risks and/or cyber attacks. Such personnel require acomprehensive view of the enterprise, both on a human organizationalperspective as well as a computer network perspective.

In order to address vulnerabilities in the corporate networks, thesecurity people must be able to identify, assess, and react to suchthreats and vulnerabilities. However, to date, no such tools have beendeveloped to facilitate the management of such problems on a businessorganization level. Consequently methods and tools for addressing thisaspect are required

SUMMARY

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described andillustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods which aremeant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope.

Disclosed herein is a method for cyber attack risk assessment, themethod comprising operating at least one hardware processor for:collecting global cyber attack data from a networked resource;collecting organizational profile data from a user, wherein theorganizational profile data comprises: types of computerized defensivecontrols employed by the organization, a maturity of each of thecomputerized defensive controls, and organizational assets eachpertaining to a business environment and each associated with at leastone of the computerized defensive controls; and computing a cyber attackrisk of the organization in real time, by continuously performing saidcollecting of global cyber attack data and comparing the global cyberattack data to the organizational profile data, to compute a cyberattack risk score for each of the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the method may further provide a risk simulatorconfigured to compute an effect of improving one or more of thecomputerized defensive controls on the cyber attack risk score.

In some embodiments, the risk simulator may be further configured toperform the computing of the effect for each of different ones of thecomputerized defensive controls, and to compute a tradeoff betweenimprovement of different ones of the computerized defensive controls andthe cyber attack risk score.

In some embodiments, the method may further display a dashboardcomprising the cyber attack risk score for each of the organizationalassets.

In some embodiments, the display of the dashboard may further enable adrill-down into one or more of the organizational assets, to display oneor more computerized defensive controls associated with the one or moreof the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the dashboard may comprise a graphical, dynamicgauge for each of the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the method may further compute a successprobability score of one or more attack agents indicated by the globalcyber attack data.

In some embodiments, the method may further compute a successprobability score of one or more attack methods indicated by the globalcyber attack data.

Further disclosed is a non-transient computer readable medium havingstored thereon instructions that, when executed by at least one hardwareprocessor, may cause the at least one hardware processor to collectglobal cyber attack data from a networked resource, collectorganizational profile data from a user, wherein the organizationalprofile data comprises types of computerized defensive controls employedby the organization, a maturity of each of the computerized defensivecontrols and organizational assets each associated with at least one ofthe computerized defensive controls, and compute a cyber attack risk ofthe organization in real time, by continuously performing saidcollecting of global cyber attack data and comparing the global cyberattack data to the organizational profile data, to compute a cyberattack risk score for each of the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the instruction may further cause the at least onehardware processor to provide a risk simulator configured to compute aneffect of improving one or more of the computerized defensive controlson the cyber attack risk score.

In some embodiments, the risk simulator may further configured toperform the computing of the effect for each of different ones of thecomputerized defensive controls, and to compute a tradeoff betweenimprovement of different ones of the computerized defensive controls andthe cyber attack risk score.

In some embodiments, the instruction may further cause the at least onehardware processor to display a dashboard comprising the cyber attackrisk score for each of the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the display of the dashboard may further enable adrill-down into one or more of the organizational assets, to display oneor more computerized defensive controls associated with the one or moreof the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the dashboard may comprise a graphical, dynamicgauge for each of the organizational assets.

In some embodiments, the instruction may further cause the at least onehardware processor to compute a success probability score of one or moreattack agents indicated by the global cyber attack data.

In some embodiments, the instruction may further cause the at least onehardware processor to compute a success probability score of one or moreattack methods indicated by the global cyber attack data.

Further disclosed is a decision support system comprising at least onehardware processor configured to collect global cyber attack data from anetworked resource, collect organizational profile data from a user,wherein the organizational profile data comprises types of computerizeddefensive controls employed by the organization, a maturity of each ofthe computerized defensive controls and organizational assets eachassociated with at least one of the computerized defensive controls,compute a cyber attack risk of the organization in real time, bycontinuously performing said collecting of global cyber attack data andcomparing the global cyber attack data to the organizational profiledata, to compute a cyber attack risk score for each of theorganizational assets, and supporting a decision on improvement of oneor more of the computerized defensive controls by providing a risksimulator configured to compute an effect of improving one or more ofthe computerized defensive controls on the cyber attack risk score.

In some embodiments, the risk simulator may be further configured toperform the computing of the effect for each of different ones of thecomputerized defensive controls, and to compute a tradeoff betweenimprovement of different ones of the computerized defensive controls andthe cyber attack risk score.

In some embodiments, the at least one hardware processor may be furtherconfigured to compute a success probability score of one or more attackagents indicated by the global cyber attack data.

In some embodiments, the at least one hardware processor may be furtherconfigured to compute a success probability score of one or more attackmethods indicated by the global cyber attack data.

In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above,further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to thefigures and by study of the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures. Dimensionsof components and features shown in the figures are generally chosen forconvenience and clarity of presentation and are not necessarily shown toscale. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a system process;

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a risk assessment process;

FIG. 3 shows an example of management console of organization attackrisks.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a block diagram for organizational hierarchy;

FIG. 5 shows an example of a block diagram of attacker objective andvector hierarchy;

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a cyber space external intelligenceprocess;

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of an enterprise risk/exposure probabilityscore calculation process; and

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a PoS (Probability of Success)aggregation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A system and a method for cyber attack analyzing, surveying,categorizing, risk assessing, and decision supporting are disclosedherein. The system and method may be highly advantageous toorganizations which are threatened by cyber attacks.

The system may include central components which are common andmaintained by the system provider, and to local components which holdsspecific data regarding the certain protected organization. The systemmay rely on a CCIAS (Central Cyber Intelligence and Analytical Services)which is a set of cyber data best practices, kept in CCIAD (CentralCyber Intelligence and Analytical Data) repository and correspondentsoftware that may allow manipulating this data. CCIAD may keep allanalytical models of the cyber data, including maintained environments(controls and assets), maintained threat agents (attackers and attackmethods), and maintained list of organization profiles. There may beonly one instance of CCIAD. Authorities of the system provider areresponsible for keeping this database updated with the latest data andinitiating synchronization between CCIAD and LCIAD (Local CyberIntelligence and Analytical Data) of each customer organization. CCIADmay contain best practices of all maintained data and its maturity.

The present system and method may be better understood with reference tothe accompanying figures. Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which shows aflowchart of the system process. The system may include anorganizational data collector which may use to input data to the system,an LCIAD, an ORGDATA (Organizational Data) which may containorganizational specific data necessary for cyber data analysis, anORGCIAD (Organizational Cyber Intelligence and Analytical Data) whichmay hold cyber data analyses and calculations essential to theorganization, a CDSS (Cyber Decision Support System) which may assistthe organization stakeholders to make the right decision, and a consolethrough which the user may interfaces the system.

Organizational data input component may allow entering actual data foractual control scoring. There may be 3 possible sources of input:automatic which is integration with controls, surveys which arequestionnaires of one to many people via external survey system, andexpert judgment via the system UI (User Interface). In cases when theinput on the same control may come from several sources, the system maymake its best to resolve conflict of opinions automatically according tofollowing priorities: expert Judgment, automatic input, and survey. Incase there are several inputs from survey, the system may chooseautomatically the worst case opinion. In any case of multiple inputs forsingle control, the system may send email and set an internal alert forcyber professional(s). Cyber professional may interfere and overrideautomatic opinion selection.

All actions fulfilled by the personas, such as logging into the system,cyber professional override of automatic opinion selection, provisioningand other operations may be registered by the system in the audit log.Each record may contain the date and time (time stamp) of the action,person that fulfilled the action, action description and object(s) thatunderwent the action.

ORGCIAD may contain local view-only replica of CCIAD, i.e. all dataabout registered and maintained in the CCIAD threat agents andenvironments, and customer specific control definitions. Objects whichmay be synchronized from CCIAD may include assets, controls, maintainedattackers and attack methods, maintained organization profiles,calculated attack scores, and all relevant relations between objectsabove. Each customer may define locally which assets and controls areapplicable for its organization, as well as define new assets andcontrols.

ORGDATA may contain following types of data organizational structuredescribed by the hierarchy of enterprise, systems and environments,enterprise profile which is a definition of the enterprise category asrelated to cyber attacks probability (enterprise profile definition mayuse categories of organization profiles kept in CCIAD), ORGCI(Organization Control Implementation) which is an implementation ofcontrols within organizational systems (ORGCI contains control policieswith Scoring rules expected in the specific control usage), actualcontrol implementation which is an actual control implementation basedon the control cyber status received from organization data input, andactual control implementation history which is the history of all actualcontrol implementations based on the control cyber status received fromorganization data input.

CDSS may be actually an engine that combines relevant data from ORGCIADand ORGDATA, calculates actual organization risk assessments andtransforms them into the convenient for representation format, allows tosimulate various control and attack status scenarios, and transformsresults of the simulation into representation format. Upon input fromorganizational data input layer, the system may automatically matchvalue representing control status to the policy scoring rules, anddefine an actual maturity level of controls.

The console may serve for management purposes, and usable and intuitiverepresentation of the results provided by the CDSS. CDSS results may beprovided in the form of dashboards and/or reports. The system may alsobe provided for mobile devices.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which shows a block diagram of a riskassessment process. The depicted functionalities are described asfollows: Cyber space intelligence (P1) may stands for a functionality togather and digest intelligence for clients, tailored to company peergroup—compare to company profile; enterprise profile (P2) may stand fora functionality to gather & standardize intelligence on internalthreats, company business landscape, network environments, controls inplace and attack history; cyber security analytical engine (P3) maystand for proprietary algorithms to calculate likelihood of a successfulattack from attackers who would benefit from disrupting/stealing fromthe company; decision support management console (P4) may stand for acollection of high level dashboards customized for client managementteam to quickly summarize current situation and make decisions on how toallocate limited financial & defensive resources to the most likelythreats; and stakeholders & departmental reporting (P5) may stand for aclient organization custom reports to detail the current status ofdefenses and the risks to the company, each environment and system,stakeholder actionable and organization accountable.

The process methodology unfolds as follows: P1 and P2—may gatherinternal and external intelligence for the cyber attack landscape andcompany situation; P3—may calculate probabilities for likelihood ofsuccessful attack by relevant attackers, likelihood of successful attackfor each environment, likelihood of success of various attack methods,current of maturity of deployed controls, and overall importance of eachcontrol in resisting multiple attack methods; P4—may support managementdecision making with re-assessments for changes in defensive posture orcyber landscape—resource deployment decisions; and P5—may supportstakeholder enfranchisement with detailed department situational reportsand remediation strategies.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which shows an example of managementconsole of organization attack risks. The top gauge indicates theoverall enterprise attack risk score, and may be calculated by theanalytical engine. The four lower gauges indicate individualenvironments attack risk scores, and may be calculated by the analyticalengine. Each individual environment may have a drill down buttonenabling to see threat agents, controls, attack methods, and Securitygaps.

The two parties taking part in cyber war are the attackers and theorganizations being attacked. For cyber aspects, the organization may bedescribed by enterprises, environments (e.g. web sites, networkhardware, software systems, cloud services, etc.), assets, technologies,controls and organizational profile.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which shows an example for blockdiagram of organizations hierarchy. Enterprises may have enterprise andenvironment type children, while environments may have environment typechildren.

The assets are the business assets that are undergoing attack (e.g.customers data base, intellectual property, company reputation, etc.).Assets are located in the environments (many-to-many relation). Sameasset may appear in many environments. The variety of assets ismaintained in the assets Catalog of CIAS and may be modified only by thesystem provider authorities. Customers may not add their own assets. Ifa customer requires new asset, he may contact CIAS for appropriatedefinition.

The technologies define the relevance of an attack vector to the attackobjective (e.g. web server, database, operational system, etc.). i.e.,if a certain technology is not used in an environment, the attackvectors and objective are not relevant. Technologies reside in theenvironments (many-to-many relation). Same Technology can appear severaltimes in various environments.

The controls are the business assets that are used to protect assets(e.g. firewall, antivirus, security officer, etc.). Control group is aset of controls used for cyber protect against specific attack method.Control Group can contain one-to-many Controls. Some of the Controls ina specific Control Group, defined in CCIAD, are mandatory forimplementation in the organization for successful protection againstcorresponding attack method. Mandatory Controls will be markedaccordingly by the flag.

Organization Profile represents organization profile category thatshould be taken into consideration during definition of the organizationdefend ability. The variety of organization profiles treated is definedand initiated in the CCIAD repository. List of treated organizationprofiles is maintained and can be modified only by the system providerauthorities. Organization profile is defined for an enterprise object.Organization profile of the root enterprise object in the specificcustomer implementation is an aggregation of profiles defined for allchild Enterprise object. Organization profiles can be defined bycategories: geography, geopolitical, timing, industry sector, etc. Eachcategory can be defined by a set of subcategories.

Attacker may be an individual or an organization or a team ofindividuals or any other entity that plans and performs cyber attacks onthe organizations. Each attacker may implement several applicable attackmethods. Any attack method may be used by several attackers(many-to-many relation). The variety of treated attackers may bemaintained in the attackers' catalog of CIAS and may be modified only bythe system provider authorities. Customers may not add their ownattackers.

For cyber aspects, the attacker may be described by skills, resources,and internal accessibility.

The attacker skills may be one of the following: none, minimal,operational or adept.

The attacker resources may be one of the following: individual, team,organization, government.

The attacker internal accessibility may be true (i.e. the attacker mayattack internal environments) or false.

Probability of attack may be an assessment based on the gathering ofintelligence as to the probability that an attack from this agent mayoccur. Probability of attack is applicable to organizations viaorganization profile. It reflects an attacker's motivation to attackspecific organization profile, and may be calculated by CIAS, based onprevious year trends, events and expert opinion.

Attacker may have several objectives, such as destroy, copy, change,etc. Each objective can be achieved by several attack vectors.Attacker's objectives may have relevancy to specific assets. The varietyof treated attacker objectives may be maintained in the attackerobjectives catalog of CIAS and may be modified only by the systemprovider authorities. Customers may not add their own attackerobjectives.

Attack vector is a set of mandatory attack methods that have to befulfilled in order to succeed in the attack. Each attack method in thevector has to be performed one by one. Each attack vector has relevancy(many-to-many relation) to technologies. The variety of treated attackvectors may be maintained in the attack vector catalog of CIAS and maybe modified only by the system provider authorities. Customers may notadd their own attacker vectors.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which shows an example for blockdiagram of attacker objective and vector hierarchy.

Attack methods may be a way of how attack is organized by the attacker.Each attacker may implement several applicable attack methods. Anyattack Method may be used by several attackers (many-to-many relation).Each attack method may have relevancy (many-to-many relation) to controlgroups. The variety of treated attack methods may be maintained in theattack methods catalog of CIAS and may be modified only by the systemprovider authorities. Customers may not add their own attack methods.

The attack method may be described by skills (none, minimal, operationalor adept) and resources (individual, team, organization, government). Incase skill or resource value of the attacker is less than skill orresource of the attack method, the Attacker may not apply this attackmethod which, in turn, means that the whole attack vector may not beimplemented by attacker.

The organization order of action using the system may be as follows:organization profile categories definition, enterprise and environmenttrees definition, for each environment define set of assets from CIASassets catalog, for each environment define set of technologies fromCIAS, for each environment mark set of controls from CIAS controlscatalog list filtered using the list of attack methods defined, for eachselected control provide its actual maturity. Assets, technologies andcontrols may be defined for each environment.

This may finally yield a hierarchy of enterprises and environments, alist of relevant attackers and objectives, a list of relevant attackmethods and attack vectors, a list of actual assets and technologiesused in the organization, and a list of actual controls and their groupsimplemented in the organization.

According to the flow above, list of attackers may be comprised throughtwo not connected paths: via organization profile and via attackerobjective and its relation to assets. To avoid ambiguity, it may beassumed that primary list of attackers may be identified by attackerobjectives and environment assets.

Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which shows a block diagram of a cyberspace external intelligence process. The depicted functionalities aredescribed as follows: intelligence & analysis may stand for periodicresearch and gathering of intelligence on the state of the cyberlandscape and tailoring it to the client organization. Intelligence,research and analysis may be tailored to the client on-demand and may beprovided for each risk attack assessment. Threat agents may stand forany individual or organization that has the motivation and thecapability to carry out a cyber attack. Many interest groups haveadopted this strategy for pursuing their aim, including terrorists,foreign governments and their agents for purposes of espionage, foreigngovernments and their agents for purposes of warfare, social, politicaland economic radical activists, and criminal individuals andorganizations for the purposes of illicit financial gain. Currentpotential attackers' analysis may include their objectives,capabilities, and resources. Attack methods may be defined as takingadvantage of vulnerability in a computer or network to gain access tocritical components or data in a system with the intent of vandalizing,stealing or denying access to that component or information. Attackmethods may be constantly growing in numbers due to The increases inavailable technology for computing and networking, the constantincrease/releases in features and functionality in networkinfrastructure components, the lack of adequate standards and practicesof developers of applications that utilize these networks for deliveringproducts and services, the growing number of potential threat agentswith agendas that can be met by compromising networks. Attack methodsemployed by attackers may be linked to control effectiveness. Controlsmay stand for mechanisms embedded in or external to the computer andnetwork facilities whose purpose are to prevent unauthorized access anddetect access when a breach has occurred. The deployment of controlsdefines a defensive posture. At the highest level controls arecharacterized as human resources, policies and practices, and technologyresources. Current importance of controls may be relative to blockingmultiple attack methods. Analysis of current cyber security landscape,attacks, best practices may be made industry-wise.

PoA (Probability of Attack) reflects the score of attacker's relevancyfor specific enterprise.

POA may be calculated as follows: CCIA (Central Cyber Intelligence andAnalysis) Manager may define PoA score in the range of [1-5] forattacker per profile category. Zero (0) level or an absence of therelation between profile category and attacker may mean that theattacker is not relevant for this category. Actual PoA by attacker onthe enterprise may be calculated using enterprise-profile categoryrelation, defined in LCIAD. To summarize, attacker→profilecategory→enterprise path may define relevancy of specific attacker forspecific enterprise via its category and is may be translated to PoA.

Control may be defined by description, type, rank, and policies withtheir weights and set of scoring rules. Control may be represented byhierarchy of controls. Policies are defined only for leaf controls inthe tree.

Control Implementation may be an internal control usage within aspecific customer enterprise and/or environment. A distinguish betweenenterprise level control implementation and environment level controlimplementation may be done. Best practice policies and scoring rulescriterions may come from CIAS. Specific control implementation may bedefined by the specific internal criterions of the policy scoring rulesthat, if defined, may override inherited criterions. In other words,customers may override criterions and may also add/delete scoring rulesin their implementations. In both levels of control definition,including its policies may be inherited from the ORDCIAD and onlycriterions may be overridden. Algorithm of choosing relevant criterionsfor a specific scoring rule may be environment control implementation(if defined), organization control implementation (if defined), andORGCIAD control definition.

OCM (Optimal Control Maturity) may be control maturity score calculatedbased on the best practices of CIAS and provided to the customer'sORGCIAD from CCIAD. Usually, it may be 100%.

ECM (Expected Control Maturity) may be control maturity score calculatedbased on the control implementation in the organization. In case thecustomer may not override scoring rules recommended by CIAS, ECM may beequal to OCM (which is also the default value).

ACM (Actual Control Maturity) may be the score compliance representsactual compliance to the CIAS and organization specific control policy.Actual control maturity scores may be calculated based on the actualvalue representing fulfillment of the control policy in theorganization. These values are entered to the system via organizationaldata collecting component.

There are two ACM scores: as related to OCM, defined by CCIAD, and/or asrelated to organization specific ECM, defined in the organization or onthe level of organization or on the level of correspondingenvironment/system. ACM score as related to CCIAD definitions may beconsidered to be a main ACM score index.

Control maturity scoring may be a process of calculating controlmaturity based on the control policies definition. Each leaf control canhave a set of policies (many to one relation). For example, firewallrule base has to undergo upgrade, each HR person has to undergopolygraph each 1 month, etc.

Policy may defined by description, weight and set of scoring rules withone of them marked as recommended. Each scoring rule may be defined by aCriterion hat, if achieved, represents specific Level of policyFulfillment. There may be only one Criterion in a scoring rule.Fulfillment level may be represented by percentage (%) of policyaccomplishment. Set of scoring rules can be represented by a table withcolumns: Criterions and Fulfillment Level (%) sorted ascending bycriterions column.

In the following example criterions are shown in italic, and fulfillmentlevels are shown in bold. Criterion “5” is the recommended one:

Policy: firewall rule base has to undergo upgrades.

Scoring Rules:

Firewall rule base is updated once in 3 months—100%

Firewall rule base is updated once in 5 months—80%

Firewall rule base is updated once in 7 months—50%

Firewall rule base is updated once in 9 months—30%

Firewall rule base is updated rarely than in 12 months—0%

Overachieving of the policy (meaning achieving more than 100% offulfillment) may be alerted by the system, because it may mean that theorganization may waste its effort.

CCIAD and ORGCIAD may contain controls definition maintained by that mayinclude control description (descriptive definition, type and rank), andcontrol policies which may be descriptions+set of policies defined bydescription, weight, and a set of scoring rules. Policies fulfillmentmay be defined for a specific control in a specific environmentrepresents control maturity score.

Actual PFL (Policy Fulfillment Level) may be defined for a valuerepresenting policy fulfillment of a specific control in a specificsystem.

Algorithm may be a process of choosing matching scoring rule with acriterion nearest to a value representing policy fulfillment of aspecific control. The algorithm may track the set of scoring rulesstarting from the scoring rule with a maximum criterion and down, findthe first scoring rule with criterion equal or less than the value, andif the value is less than the minimal criterion, it may take the bestcase scoring rule and may alert of overachievement. For the exampleabove, for the value=8, fulfillment level will be 50%. If the value is5, fulfillment level will be 80%. For the value=2, fulfillment levelwill be 100% and system should alert on overachievement.

The ACM score may be calculated as a weighted average of all policies'fulfillment levels, i.e. ACM=SUM[WTP1*PFL1/100:WTPn*PFLn/100]*100.

PoS (Probability of Success) may reflect capability of specific attackmethod to break through applicable CGs (control groups) targeted toresist attacks originated by the attack method.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which shows a block diagram of anenterprise risk/exposure probability score calculation process. Thedepicted functionalities are described as follows: threat agents—companyrelevant profiles risk scores and rankings; attack methods—risk ofattack success; and controls—overall maturity and importance indefensive strategy. All of the assessments may be done in view ofhistorical repository of current and past efforts, and of companycustomized hierarchies for accountability and action.

Capability of control to withstand relevant attack methods may berepresented by the control maturity score. Attack method can be relatedto several control groups. Thus, attack method PoS may be an aggregationof the PoS calculated per control group. PoS per one control group maybe calculated as a multiplication of weighted maturity scores of allcontrols in the group. Controls marked as mandatory in the control groupmay have to be implemented in the organization to achieve acceptedprotection against specific attack method. WT (WeighT) of specificcontrol in relation to attack method may be defined by CIAC (CyberIntelligence Analytics Center).

PoS of control group may be calculated as:

PoS(CG)=MUL[(1−WT1*ACM1):(1−WTn*ACMn)]*100%

If the ACM of one of the mandatory controls is <10%, then PoS (CG)=100%

Taking into consideration that people may not give weights normalized to100%, meaning the SUM of weights won't be 100%. Given weights may ratherrepresent relational weights between controls in the group. Thus, forfinal calculation all given weights may have to be normalized to 100% asfollows:

WT 1(norm) = WT 1 * 1/sum[WT 1 : WTn] …WTn(norm) = WTn * 1/sum[WT 1 : WTn]

For example, there are two controls in the Group with followingparameters: Control 1: WT1=0.5 (50%), ACM1=60%; Control 2: WT2=0.2(20%), ACM2=20%. Normalized to 100% weights will be: WT1(norm)=0.714;WT2(norm)=0.286. AndPoS=((1−(0.714*0.6))*(1−(0.286*0.2))*100=(0.571*0.943)*100=0.538*100=53.8%.

If in the certain group a mandatory control is absent, this means thatthis group's PoS is 100%.

Each AM (Attack Method) may be associated with several CGs (ControlGroups). PoS of the AM is calculated as a MN of all PoS of allassociated CGs:

PoS(AM)=MIN[PoS(CG1):PoS(CGn)]

There might be several attack methods relevant for the set of controlsand their groups. Actual PoS may be calculated for all combinations ofattack methods verses all related control groups defined in the LCIAD.In case the enterprise is described as a hierarchy ofenterprises/environment PoS of attack method is aggregated to the higherlevels per attack method type (SQL injection, etc.).

AV (Attack vector) may be a set of AMs (Attack Methods) that may have tobe performed one by one to accomplish the attack.

PoS(AV)=MUL[PoS(AM1)/100:PoS(AMn)/100]*100

If one of the AMs in the AV nay not be performed, then PoS of the wholeAV may be 0%.

Calculation of the PoS of the attacker objective may be based on therelation between objective and attack vectors required to perform thisobjective.

PoS(AObj)=MAX[[(PoS(AV1):PoS(AVn)]

Calculation should be performed for all combinations of all objectives

attack vectors.

Max possible attacker's PoS may be calculated for each attacker as a MAXof all PoS of its related objectives.

MaxPoS(Attacker)=MAX[PoS(AObj1):PoS(AObjn)]

At the enterprise level likely possible attacker's PoS is calculated foreach attacker

PoS(attacker)=PoA*MAXPoS(attacker)

Where PoA is Probability of Attack defined by the enterpriseorganization profile.

Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which shows a block diagram of PoSaggregation to higher levels. Aggregation to the higher level of theenvironment may be performed for PoS of attack method (PoS (AM)). PoS ofAttack Vectors, Attack Objectives and Attackers may be calculated fromthe aggregated values of PoS (AM) correspondingly. All aggregations ofattack methods may be performed as an average separately per specifictype of attack method. For example, aggregation of all instances of SQLinjection attacks method. As a result at the level of each environmentand enterprise, we have a set of PoS per specific type of attack method.Attack vectors PoS (AV) may be calculated at each level ofenvironment/enterprise from the aggregated PoS (AM). Attacker objectivePoS (AObj) may be calculated at each level of environment/enterprisefrom calculated PoS (AV) of the corresponding environment/enterprise.Attacker PoS (Attacker) may be calculated at each level ofenvironment/enterprise from calculated PoS (AObj) of the correspondingenvironment/enterprise.

Aggregation formula may calculate average PoS of all related components,not regarding whether these components are of enterprise, environment orcontrol group types. PoS of the environment may be an average of PoS ofall attack methods of all control groups that reside in the environment.

PoS(AMenv)=AVG[(PoS(AM1):PoS(AMn)]

PoS of the environment that contains other environment and directcontrol groups may be an average of the aggregated PoS ofsub-environments (PoS (ENV envj)) and PoS of attack methods of allcontrol groups (PoS (AM envi)), all per specific attack method. PoS ofthe enterprise that contains other enterprises and direct environmentsmay be an average of PoS of all enterprises and all environments thatreside in the enterprise, all per specific attack method.

Control Importance may be calculated based on the simulation in twophases: Phase 1—calculating control importance by simulation of changingcontrol maturity by 10% in each round, and notice the aggregatedenvironment/enterprise risk score changing, and Phase 2—calculatingcontrol importance by simulation of changing control maturity by 10% ineach round per sets of controls, and notice the aggregatedenvironment/enterprise risk score changing.

Sets of controls to be implemented by the organization might berecommended, for the optimal way to protect itself.

In the description and claims of the application, each of the words“comprise” “include” and “have”, and forms thereof, are not necessarilylimited to members in a list with which the words may be associated. Inaddition, where there are inconsistencies between this application andany document incorporated by reference, it is hereby intended that thepresent application controls.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for cyber attack risk assessment, themethod comprising operating at least one hardware processor for:collecting global cyber attack data from a networked resource;collecting organizational profile data from a user, wherein theorganizational profile data comprises: types of computerized defensivecontrols employed by the organization, a maturity of each of thecomputerized defensive controls, and organizational assets eachpertaining to a business environment and each associated with at leastone of the computerized defensive controls; and computing a cyber attackrisk of the organization in real time, by continuously performing saidcollecting of global cyber attack data and comparing the global cyberattack data to the organizational profile data, to compute a cyberattack risk score for each of the organizational assets.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising providing a risk simulatorconfigured to compute an effect of improving one or more of thecomputerized defensive controls on the cyber attack risk score.
 3. Themethod according to claim 2, wherein said risk simulator is furtherconfigured to perform the computing of the effect for each of differentones of the computerized defensive controls, and to compute a tradeoffbetween improvement of different ones of the computerized defensivecontrols and the cyber attack risk score.
 4. The method according toclaim 1, further comprising displaying a dashboard comprising the cyberattack risk score for each of the organizational assets.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 4, wherein said displaying of the dashboard furthercomprises enabling a drill-down into one or more of the organizationalassets, to display one or more computerized defensive controlsassociated with the one or more of the organizational assets.
 6. Themethod according to claim 4, wherein the dashboard comprises agraphical, dynamic gauge for each of the organizational assets.
 7. Themethod according to claim 1, further comprising computing a successprobability score of one or more attack agents indicated by the globalcyber attack data.
 8. The method according to claim 1, furthercomprising computing a success probability score of one or more attackmethods indicated by the global cyber attack data.
 9. A non-transientcomputer readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, whenexecuted by at least one hardware processor, cause the at least onehardware processor to: collect global cyber attack data from a networkedresource; collect organizational profile data from a user, wherein theorganizational profile data comprises types of computerized defensivecontrols employed by the organization, a maturity of each of thecomputerized defensive controls and organizational assets eachassociated with at least one of the computerized defensive controls; andcompute a cyber attack risk of the organization in real time, bycontinuously performing said collecting of global cyber attack data andcomparing the global cyber attack data to the organizational profiledata, to compute a cyber attack risk score for each of theorganizational assets.
 10. The non-transient computer readable mediumaccording to claim 9, wherein the instruction further cause the at leastone hardware processor to provide a risk simulator configured to computean effect of improving one or more of the computerized defensivecontrols on the cyber attack risk score.
 11. The non-transient computerreadable medium according to claim 10, wherein said risk simulator isfurther configured to perform the computing of the effect for each ofdifferent ones of the computerized defensive controls, and to compute atradeoff between improvement of different ones of the computerizeddefensive controls and the cyber attack risk score.
 12. Thenon-transient computer readable medium according to claim 9, wherein theinstruction further cause the at least one hardware processor to displaya dashboard comprising the cyber attack risk score for each of theorganizational assets.
 13. The non-transient computer readable mediumaccording to claim 12, wherein said display of the dashboard furthercomprises enabling a drill-down into one or more of the organizationalassets, to display one or more computerized defensive controlsassociated with the one or more of the organizational assets.
 14. Thenon-transient computer readable medium according to claim 12, whereinthe dashboard comprises a graphical, dynamic gauge for each of theorganizational assets.
 15. The non-transient computer readable mediumaccording to claim 9, wherein the instruction further cause the at leastone hardware processor to compute a success probability score of one ormore attack agents indicated by the global cyber attack data.
 16. Thenon-transient computer readable medium according to claim 9, wherein theinstruction further cause the at least one hardware processor to computea success probability score of one or more attack methods indicated bythe global cyber attack data.
 17. A decision support system comprisingat least one hardware processor configured to: collect global cyberattack data from a networked resource; collect organizational profiledata from a user, wherein the organizational profile data comprisestypes of computerized defensive controls employed by the organization, amaturity of each of the computerized defensive controls andorganizational assets each associated with at least one of thecomputerized defensive controls; compute a cyber attack risk of theorganization in real time, by continuously performing said collecting ofglobal cyber attack data and comparing the global cyber attack data tothe organizational profile data, to compute a cyber attack risk scorefor each of the organizational assets; and supporting a decision onimprovement of one or more of the computerized defensive controls byproviding a risk simulator configured to compute an effect of improvingone or more of the computerized defensive controls on the cyber attackrisk score.
 18. The decision support system according to claim 17,wherein said risk simulator is further configured to perform thecomputing of the effect for each of different ones of the computerizeddefensive controls, and to compute a tradeoff between improvement ofdifferent ones of the computerized defensive controls and the cyberattack risk score.
 19. The decision support system according to claim17, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured tocompute a success probability score of one or more attack agentsindicated by the global cyber attack data.
 20. The decision supportsystem according to claim 17, wherein the at least one hardwareprocessor is further configured to compute a success probability scoreof one or more attack methods indicated by the global cyber attack data.